Lesson 29-Woodworking Handtools

Classifications:
A. Measuring Tools:
1. Pull Push Rule-to measure inside diameter of things.
2. Foot Rule/Bench Rule-to measure short distances.
3. Zigzag Rule(Folding Rule)-to measure longer stock when very exact measurements are not too important.
B. Testing Tools:
1. Try Square-for squaring,measuring & testing. To check squareness of surfaces & edges of wood.
2. Combination Square-can be used as a try square,depth gauge & level.
3. Steel Square-also called a framing square. For measuring & laying out.
4. Sliding T-Bevel-to layout & test all angles other than 90 degrees & 45degrees.
5. Calipers
2 Kinds:
a. Outside Caliper-to measure outside diameter.
b. Inside Caliper-to measure inside diameter.
6. Plumb Bob-to get true vertical alignment of woodwork.
7. Spirit Level-to check the vertical or horizontal alignment of wood or masonry work.
C. Lining Tools:
1.Pencil-common lining tool.
2. Scratch Awl-to mark center of holes to be drilled or bored. To punch pilot holes for screws in soft wood..
3. Divider-to scribe arcs circles & step-off distances & find centers.
4. Marking Gauge-to mark line parallel with the edge or face of wood.Used when the distances is less than 6".
5. Chalk Line-to mark long,straight lines with chalk dust,oil or ink. To be used when ripping.
D. Tooth Cutting Tools:
1. Ripsaw-to cut with the grain or cuts on the push stroke.
2. Cross cut saw-used to saw across the grain of wood.
3. Back saw-to make fine accurate cuts.
4. Compass saw-for cutting interior curves when coping saw cannot be used.
5. Coping saw-used to cut curves on thin pieces of woods such as plywood.
6. Hacksaw-for cutting metals. For woodworking for cutting nails, bolts & the like.
E. Edge-Cutting Tools:
1. Plane-for smoothening wood surfaces & edges.
2 Types:
a. The Wooden Plane
b. Iron Plane
2. Chisel-for cutting & shaping
2 Gen.Types:
a. Socket Chisel
b. Tang Chisel
3. Spokeshave-much like a simple plane.
2 Kinds:
a. Curve Spokeshave-to form concave edges.
b. Flat Spokeshave-to plane convex edges.
F. Driving Tools:
1. Claw Hammer-for driving & pulling out nails.
2. Mallet- for driving chisels.
3. Screw Driver-for driving & loosening screws.
2 Types:
a. The Flat Head screw
b. Phillips Head screw
4. Nail Set-used for setting nails below the wood surface.
5. Wrench-used to tighten & loosen bolts in wood.
G. Boring Tools:
1. Auger Bit-the most common boring tool.
2. Drill Bit-it is fitted into a hand drill.
3. Expansive Bit-used to bore a hole larger than 1". It is available with cutters to bore holes from 1-4 inches in diameter.
H. Holding Tools:
1. Bar Clamp-used for large work such as gluing wide boards edge to edge.
2. C-Clamp-to clamp wood face to face,for repair work & for holding parts together.
3. Hand Screw-for gluing face to face,for clamping small parts,& for holding as it is cut or formed. Used for finished surfaces.
4. Hand Drill-to hold straight shank bits up to 1/2" in diameter.
5. Ratchet Brace-is used for holding bits with a square tang.
I.Sharpening Tools:
1. Triangular File-used for sharpening saw & auger bits.
2. Oil Stone-to sharpen edge-cutting-tools like chisels & plane blades.
3. Grindstone-usually power-driven. Used when the cutting-edge of plane iron is nicked or worn-out.